• Rat APEX1 (APEX Nuclease 1) Sandwich ELISA Kit Ready-To-Use (STJE0013586)

Rat APEX1 (APEX Nuclease 1) Sandwich ELISA Kit Ready-To-Use (STJE0013586)

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STJE0013586

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Applications: ELISA
Reactivity: Rat
Note: STRICTLY FOR FURTHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH USE ONLY (RUO). MUST NOT TO BE USED IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS.
Sensitivity: 0.143ng/mL
Detection Limit: 0.312-20ng/mL
Short Description: This APEX1 Sandwich ELISA Kit, Ready-To-Use is an in-vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of samples in rat cell culture supernatant, serum and plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin).
Storage Instruction: The whole kit may be stored at-20°C for up to 12 months from receipt. An unopened kit may be stored in the fridge at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. Once opened store individual kit contents according to components table provided with the kit.
Assay Time: 3 hrs
Gene Symbol: Apex1
Gene ID: 79116
Uniprot ID: APEX1_RAT
Immunogen Region: Ready-To-Use
Sample Type: tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.
Tissue Specificity
Post Translational Modifications Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by kinase PKC or casein kinase CK2 results in enhanced redox activity that stimulates binding of the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex to its cognate binding site. AP-endodeoxyribonuclease activity is not affected by CK2-mediated phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Thr-232 by CDK5 in response to MPP(+)/MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) reduces AP-endodeoxyribonuclease activity resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and contributing to neuronal death. Acetylated on Lys-6. Acetylation is increased by the transcriptional coactivator EP300 acetyltransferase, genotoxic agents like H(2)O(2) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Acetylation increases its binding affinity to the negative calcium response element (nCaRE) DNA promoter. The acetylated form induces a stronger binding of YBX1 to the Y-box sequence in the MDR1 promoter than the unacetylated form. Deacetylated on lysines. Lys-6 is deacetylated by SIRT1. Cleaved at Lys-30 by granzyme A to create the mitochondrial form.leading in reduction of binding to DNA, AP endodeoxyribonuclease activity, redox activation of transcription factors and to enhanced cell death. Cleaved by granzyme K.leading to intracellular ROS accumulation and enhanced cell death after oxidative stress. Cys-64 and Cys-92 are nitrosylated in response to nitric oxide (NO) and lead to the exposure of the nuclear export signal (NES). Ubiquitinated by MDM2.leading to translocation to the cytoplasm and proteasomal degradation.
Function Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 are DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Does also incise at AP sites in the DNA strand of DNA/RNA hybrids, single-stranded DNA regions of R-loop structures, and single-stranded RNA molecules. Has a 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity on mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the 3' termini of nicked or gapped DNA molecules during short-patch BER. Possesses a DNA 3' phosphodiesterase activity capable of removing lesions (such as phosphoglycolate) blocking the 3' side of DNA strand breaks. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. Acts as a loading factor for POLB onto non-incised AP sites in DNA and stimulates the 5'-terminal deoxyribose 5'-phosphate (dRp) excision activity of POLB. Plays a role in the protection from granzymes-mediated cellular repair leading to cell death. Also involved in the DNA cleavage step of class switch recombination (CSR). On the other hand, APEX1 also exerts reversible nuclear redox activity to regulate DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity of transcriptional factors by controlling the redox status of their DNA-binding domain, such as the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex after exposure to IR. Involved in calcium-dependent down-regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression by binding to negative calcium response elements (nCaREs). Together with HNRNPL or the dimer XRCC5/XRCC6, associates with nCaRE, acting as an activator of transcriptional repression. Stimulates the YBX1-mediated MDR1 promoter activity, when acetylated at Lys-6, leading to drug resistance. Acts also as an endoribonuclease involved in the control of single-stranded RNA metabolism. Plays a role in regulating MYC mRNA turnover by preferentially cleaving in between UA and CA dinucleotides of the MYC coding region determinant (CRD). In association with NMD1, plays a role in the rRNA quality control process during cell cycle progression. Associates, together with YBX1, on the MDR1 promoter. Together with NPM1, associates with rRNA. Binds DNA and RNA.
Protein Name Dna-(Apurinic Or Apyrimidinic Site Endonuclease
Apex Nuclease
Apen
Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1
Ap Endonuclease 1
Ref-1
Redox Factor-1 Cleaved Into - Dna-(Apurinic Or Apyrimidinic Site Endonuclease - Mitochondrial
Database Links Reactome: R-RNO-110357
Reactome: -RNO-110362
Reactome: -RNO-110373
Reactome: -RNO-5651801
Reactome: -RNO-73930
Reactome: -RNO-73933
Cellular Localisation Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nucleus Speckle
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytoplasm
Colocalized With Sirt1 In The Nucleus
Colocalized With Ybx1 In Nuclear Speckles After Genotoxic Stress
Together With Ogg1 Is Recruited To Nuclear Speckles In Uva-Irradiated Cells
Colocalized With Nucleolin And Npm1 In The Nucleolus
Its Nucleolar Localization Is Cell Cycle Dependent And Requires Active Rrna Transcription
Colocalized With Calreticulin In The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Translocation From The Nucleus To The Cytoplasm Is Stimulated In Presence Of Nitric Oxide (No) And Function In A Crm1-Dependent Manner
Possibly As A Consequence Of Demasking A Nuclear Export Signal (Amino Acid Position 63-79)
S-Nitrosylation At Cys-92 And Cys-309 Regulates Its Nuclear-Cytosolic Shuttling
Detected In The Cytoplasm Of B Cells Stimulated To Switch
Ubiquitinated Form Is Localized Predominantly In The Cytoplasm
Dna-(Apurinic Or Apyrimidinic Site) Endonuclease
Mitochondrial: Mitochondrion
The Cleaved Apex2 Is Only Detected In Mitochondria
Translocation From The Cytoplasm To The Mitochondria Is Mediated By Ros Signaling And Cleavage Mediated By Granzyme A
Tom20-Dependent Translocated Mitochondrial Apex1 Level Is Significantly Increased After Genotoxic Stress
Alternative ELISA Names Dna-(Apurinic Or Apyrimidinic Site Endonuclease ELISA kit
Apex Nuclease ELISA kit
Apen ELISA kit
Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 ELISA kit
Ap Endonuclease 1 ELISA kit
Ref-1 ELISA kit
Redox Factor-1 Cleaved Into - Dna-(Apurinic Or Apyrimidinic Site Endonuclease - Mitochondrial ELISA kit
Apex1 ELISA kit
Ape ELISA kit
Apex ELISA kit
Ref1 ELISA kit
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Information sourced from Uniprot.org

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